1. How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
2. How does a change in temp affect the rate of reaction?
3. How can you determine the rate of a reaction (hint: reactants–> products)
4. What does a collision mean (in terms of reactions)
5. How would the rate of collisions affect the rate of reactions?
6. Draw a concentrated solution e.g. salt water
7. Draw a dilute solution
8. Draw the affect of temperature on molecules hint: particle theory
TEXTBOOK
9. What is a catalyst?
10. What is an enzyme?
11. Provide four ways a reaction rate can be affected?
Rate of Reaction notes
The rate in which reactants collide and bond to form products is a useful tool to determine the rate of reaction. Reactant –> product.
Particle movement can be affected by the temperature they are exposed to.
e.g. molecules move _______ when exposed to heat
e.g. molecules move _________ when exposed to cold
The speed at which particles move directly affects the rate in which collisions occur.
Therefore the temperature of a solution has a direct affect in the rate of reaction.
Draw what effect temperature has on particles, cold and hot solution
The amount of molecules also directly affects the rate of reaction.
If this is a greater number of molecules, the change of collisions has increased, therefore increasing the rate of reaction.
Therefore a concentrated solution’s rate of reaction (in theory) will react at a faster rate than a dilute solution.
Draw what effect temperature has on particles, dilute and concentrated solution
There are four measures to affect the rate of reaction
- Temperature
- Concentration (dilute of concentrated)
- Enzyme (protein that can found in the body to fasten up reactions e.g. breaking down carbohydrates)
- Catalyst (a chemical that fastens up reactions )
hi miss viney just wondering how are we supposed to get our pracs done by friday when were all still on our drafts and we dont get our results sheet back until tommorow i think maybe it would benefit the class if we can hand it in on monday thx cam
hi miss viney sorry i didnt see u today but ur reply wasnt there this morning when i checked the blog and i wont be able to hand in my prac tommorow ibecause i havnt had a chance to get shaldon and dharaans results off them and ive had lots of other homework
thx cam
i have had so much homework this week that i dont think that it will be possible to hand in my prac tommorow i am really trying my hardest to finish it
Explain the link between
a) Work and effort
b) Energy and motion
c) Pivot and levers and fulcrum
d) Force and friction
e) Simple machines and wedge
f) Simple machines and ramp
g) Simple machines and complex machines
h) Effort and force
i) Force and load
j) Effort force and distance
k) Ramps and effort force
l) Load and effort
m) Mechanical advantage and load
n) Wedge and effort force
o) Zip and effort force
p) Screw and effort force
q) Levers and class
r) Levers and distance
s) Levers and load
t) Piviot/fulcrum and effort
u) Piviot/fulcrum and load
v) Effort and load and fulcrum
Explain the link between ANSWERS
Introduction to terminology
a) Work and effort
Work is the energy needed to move something over a certain distance. Effort is the force you need to put in to move an object.
b) Energy and motion
Energy (work) that is required to get motion (the movement or action)
c) Load and effort
The objects weight is its load, which directly affects the amount of effort (force) required.
d) Force and friction
The amount of friction on a surface, directly affects the amount of force (effort) that is needed
to move an object.
e) Simple machines and wedge
A wedge is a simple machine
f) Simple machines and ramp
A ramp is a simple machine
g) Mechanical advantage and load
Mechanical advantage measures how effective a machine is. This can be dividing the load you want to move by the effort you needed to put in.
Better machines have higher mechanical advantages.
Page 242
h) Wedge and effort force
A wedge is an inclined plane that passes through another object, splitting or splicing it in two. Axis or wood splitters are some examples of a wedge. They reduce effort force by forcing the wood to travel up the long edge of the blade.
The sharper (smoother) the blade the further the wood will cut, the less effort force required.
i) Zip and effort force
A zip uses three wedges.
j) Screw and effort force
A screw is a ramp, twisted around a metal cylinder (the nail). Screws are designed to penetrate and cut through material.
Compare: using a hammer to nail in a woodscrew compare to turning a screw into the wood. This reduces the amount of effort force.
The wood is being forced to move up the spiral ramp.
The distance is longer so that the effort needed is less.
k) Ramps and effort force
Ramp (an inclined plane) are used when you need to get a heavy object up to a higher level.
Lifting a load will require a certain amount of work (energy) regardless how you go about it. However if you push or pull instead of lifting an object, the effort (force) is decreased.
Figure 8.1.1 page 242
Long ramp/s makes a job easier then short ramp/s.
The distance is longer so that the effort needed is less.
Mechanical advantage = load dived by the effort.
l) Simple machines and complex machines
Complex machines are made up of simple machines.
m) Effort and force
Effort is the force you need to put in to move an object.
n) Force and load
Load is the weight of the object, which directly affects the Force (effort) that is needed to move an object.
o) Effort force and distance
Effort force (needed to get the job done) X distance (the distance is moved in doing the job) equals the amount of work (energy) needed.
Forces change the motion of things:
Accelerate, decelerate, start moving, stop moving, change direction or change shape of something.
Use space as an example: space junk floating around in space has momentum from the explosion of the space station that it came from. Is there a force on the space junk? No air resistance, friction, wind, or anything to bump into. What if you are out there floating around and are hit by the space junk? What exerts a force on what? Will you both change direction? What if you pass very close but don’t touch? (have to touch for force to be exerted, except for magnetic force)
Friction is a force that happens when ever an object slides or rolls over something.
What is a simple machine?
List four simple machines
Definitions to go into glossary
Force/effort (used as effort force here)
The force you need to put into move an object/load.
Load – the weight of the object you are trying to move.
Work – the energy needed to move something over a certain distance (Joules, J)
Work = effort force x distance
Give a number example of work going up if you increase effort force or distance, work going down if you do opposite, and that it may stay same if you increase one and decrease the other.
Friction – a force that happens when two objects slide or roll over one another.
Gravity – a non-contact force that attracts things to each other.
Weight – is the scientific name for the pulling force of gravity
Machines are designed to help us do things we want or have to do. They should make our lives easier. Some types of simple machines are ramps, wedges, screws, levers wheels gears and pulleys.
When simple machines are connected together in series, they become complex machines.
Work is the energy needed to move something over a certain distance. Moving something very heavy over a long distance will require more work than something light over a short distance. If you cannot change the weight of your load, you might choose to move it a shorter distance so that your work doesn’t increase.
Example: Egyptians had to move massive boulders to build huge pyramids. They didn’t have cranes and trucks to lift and carry them around. They chose very clever ways of manipulating the boulders onto logs that rolled along the paths. That way, they only had to physically move the boulders a short distance to get them onto the logs.
Example of work calculation (using the equation work = effort force X distance)
1 I have to move a 10N book a distance of 5 metres. How much work is required?
2 I have a maximum of 500J of work available, and a distance of 25 metres to move something. What is the maximum weight my load (effort force) can be?
Think about fractions – if you increase the denominator and leave the numerator the same, what happens to the size of the fraction?
Eg. ½ compared to ¼. It got smaller.
Opposite?
So if you needed to put in more effort (it increases) and your load stays the same, your mechanical advantage gets smaller (your machine is not as effective).
If however, you could put in less effort and still move the same weight load, your mechanical advantage has increased (your machine is making life easier for you).
Class 1 levers
- The load is at one end
- The effort force at the other end
- The fulcrum somewhere in between
Draw a diagram of the lever
Class 2 levers
- Force multipliers
- Fulcrum at one end
- Effort at the other end
- Effort at the other end
- The load somewhere in between.
Draw a diagram of the lever
Class 3 levers
- Not used to decrease effort but are used to get the load moving at high speed
- Speed multipliers
- The fulcrum at one end
- The load at the other end
- The effort somewhere in between
Draw a diagram of the lever
Create a 3 way Venn diagram for the three classes of levers.
science digestive problems
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
A tumor grows in the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas and can laed to cancer
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
It happens by having fat in your liver and it can scar the liver and leave it not working.
Another two sicknesses related to the digestive system are:
- Crohn’s Disease, which is caused by the inflammation of the digestive tract and is usually found in the small instestine.
- Achalasia, a disorder where you are unable to swallow due to the Lower Esophogus Sphincter’s refusal to open.
teighans homework:
1) inflammatory bowel disease is when your colon and small intestines are inflammed and nothing can pass through easy
2) gastroesophageal refulx disease is when the acid in your stomach goes into the oesophegus and you get pain so you cant eat properly.
2 Additional problems in the digestive system:
Foodborne illnesses; Foodborne illnesses are caused by the bacteria, viruses or parasites in the foods or drinks we consume. Foodborne illnesses can have a variety of symptoms; fever, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and dehydration.
Barretts Oesophagus; Barretts Oesophagus is when the lining of the Oesophagus is replaced by an identical lining to the intestine; the process of this is called intestinal metaplasia. There are no symptoms for this but is usually found in people who have gastroesophageal reflux disease; with only a small amount of people with this disease receiving a rare but deadly Oesophagus cancer.
I’m not sure if we’re supposed to post the homework here but I researched IBS and Crohn’s disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome or IBS is a disorder that causes a great deal of discomfort but does not permanently damage the intestines or lead to serious diseases. There is no clear reason to how IBS is caused but many triggers such as stress and infections have been studied. Symptoms include abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhoea but most can be relieved by expelling faeces.
Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the digestive system anywhere from the mouth to the anus but mostly affects the small intestine. As the inflammation causes irritation and swelling, it causes pain and hinders the digestive system from working effectively. Since the swelling narrows the digestive track, it can cause diarrhoea and large amounts of pain.
Digestive System Diseases homework-
1. Crohn’s Disease – Crohn’s disease is a disease that affects the gastro intestinal tract by causing swelling, pain and it can be found anywhere in the intestinal tract however it mainly affects the ileum. It can cause diarrhoea and severe pain.
2. Gallstones – Gallstones are hard, peeble shaped deposits that form inside the gall bladder. Gallstones can be made of either bile or cholesterol. Gallstones can cause Pain, Fever, yellowing of the skin, whiting of the eyes and nausea and vomiting. Surgery can be used to remove the stones quickly while if the stones are cholesterol stones medication can be taken to disolve them however the medication can take a very long period of time to dissolve them and then they may return aswell or lithotripsy therapy may be used which send sound waves through the gall bladder to break up the stones however this treatment is less effective and isn’t as commonly used today as it was years ago. The gallstones can also return after this treatment too.
1.Polyps
Polyps are a growth inside your large intestines, also known as your colon. Colon Polyps can either be flat or raised. To get a polyp you might smoke, drink alcohol, weigh too much, no exercising and eating too much fatty foods. If you are over the age of fifty, someone in your family has had polyps or yourself has had it before, you might have a chance of getting it again or for the first time. Some types of polyps can become cancer or are already cancer.
2. Celiac disease
Something that may cause damage in the small intestines and come into conflict with the absorption of nutrients from food is Celiac disease. People with this disease cannot have gluten, rye, barley and wheat. When consuming gluten products the body’s immune system reacts by damaging the villi inside the small intestines.
A peptic ulcer, is an extremely painful disease . It is defined to be or greater than 0.5 cm. As many as 70–90% of such ulcers are associated with a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic of the stomach, only 40% of those cases go to a doctor. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs. About 4% of stomach ulcers are caused by a tumour. people of any age even children can develop Ulcer. In the past, having peptic ulcers meant living with a chronic condition for several years or even a lifetime.But today, a better understanding of the cause of peptic ulcers and how to treat them means that most people can be cured.
2.Bowl Obstruction:
The bowel, or intestine, is the part of the digestive tract that absorbs nutrients from foods we eat. The residue of digested food passes through the bowel and is excreted during elimination, the final stage of digestion. This process can be interrupted or halted by the presence of a bowel obstruction, which is a blockage that prevents the passage of intestinal contents. The cause of the blockage can be mechanical, meaning that there is a physical obstruction. Mechanical blockage may be caused by scar tissue, adhesions, foreign bodies, gallstones, tumours or impacted faeces. Treatment for mechanical obstruction generally involves removing the source of the blockage.
Homework on the digestive system: 2 additional problems that effect the digestive system.
Pancreatitis;
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach that produces digestive juices, or enzymes, that help break down food in the upper portion of the duodenum (small intestine). The pancreas also is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon, two hormones that help control levels of blood sugar, the body’s main energy source.
Peptic Ulcers;
An ulcer is a sore, which means it’s an open, painful wound. Peptic ulcers are ulcers that form in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer and an ulcer in the duodenum is called a duodenal ulcer.
Coeliac Disease:
Coeliac Disease is a condition that damages the lining of the small intestines, preventing it from absorbing parts of food that are quite important to stay healthy. The damage is normally due to a reaction of eating gluten which is found in wheat, barley, rye and oats.
GORD (Gastro Oeoshpageal Reflux Disease):
The oesophagus carries the food you eat from your mouth all the way down into your stomach. The lower oesophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the very bottom of the oesophagus that acts like a valve between the stomach and oesophagus. GORD is a chronic disease that only occurs when the lower oesophagus sphincter does not close properly and the stomach contents/reflux leak back into the oesophagus.
Achalasia (Oesophagus)
Symptoms:
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Regurgitation of saliva or food
Achalasia is when the LES can’t open. It stays closed because the contracted muscles start to relax and you lose the ability to swallow your food. This can lead to weight loss.
Mesenteric Ischemia (Small Intestine)
There are 2 types of Mesenteric Ischemia. Acute and Chronic.
Acute Symptoms:
- Severe pain and cramps in the abdomen
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea and Constipation
Chronic Symptoms:
- Chronic pain in abdomen after eating
- Weight loss
- Fear of eating
Mesenteric Ischemia happens when blood isn’t getting to that area, the blood flow is interrupted by clots or plaques that are in the arteries. That then leads to intestinal tissue damage.
bright red blood coating the stools or in the stools
blood in the toilet bowl after you have been for a motion
dark or black tarry stools
maroon stools
blood on the toilet paper.
Coeliac Disase
Coeliac Disease is a condition in which the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged when it is exposed to even small amounts of gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye and possibly oats. As a result, affected patients absorb food and nutrients poorly. This can result in bowel symptoms and deficiencies of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
Fatty liver disease-
Fatty liver disease or steatosis is a build up of fats in the liver that replaces healthy tissue. Fatty liver disease can also damage the organ and leads to serious comlications such as cirrhosis.
Diverticulitis-
Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of one or more portions of the large intestines, in which small pouches called diverticula on the large intestine become inflamed, irritated, swollen or infected.
2 problems/diseases that affect the digestive system;
1-Celiac Disease.
Celiac disease is an immune disease in which people can’t eat gluten because it will damage their small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten may also be used in products such as vitamin and nutrient supplements, lip balms, and some medicines. Other names for celiac disease are celiac sprue and gluten intolerance.
2. Stomach Cancer.
Stomach cancer is also called, gastric cancer. The risk factors for developing stomach cancer are Helicobacter pylori infection and a diet that consists of the following: eating large amounts of smoked foods, salted fish and meat, foods that are high in starch and low in fiber, pickled vegetables, and foods and beverages that contain nitrates and nitrites.
hi miss viney having a bit of trouble with results summary done about half of it but having a bit of trouble remembering what to put in it and bit confused when trying to figure it out on the writing guidelines thingo thx cam
Hi Guys
Just to clarify the results summary for you
- what does your graph LOOk like, explain it to someone that can not see the graph
explain the order, summaries the position of each data point etc.
- the inaccurate data that you crossed out to get your average; what errors or mistakes would of occurred and how. e.g. parallex error, didnt read at eye level
- why is a scientific average important? how does it help you draw a conclusion? what does it do to your results?
- why was it important to collect the weight and temp before and after? have a look at your aim, have a look at the equation you need to complete to find out the heat energy in the different foods.
If you need anything else please give me a yell, im happy to sit down with you guys at recess, lunch and afterschool.
Discussion Questions must relate to your results! Discussion is one of the most important sections of your report!
1) Look at the energy content in the
- Nutritional panel
- Experiment results (calculations in kj)
- Your original hypothesis
Which foods had the most to the least amount of energy? How accurate was your hypothesis?
2) The energy content per 100 grams from your results (compression table: nutritional panel and experiment data in kilo joules) was probably lower/smaller then shown on the nutritional panel. Why do you think there was a difference?
Link this question to
- Variables table
- What went well and where difficulties (uncontrolled variable) were encountered
E.g. position of flame, same were directly touching the test tube others were only being heated by the flame (uncontrolled variable)
[Link to question 3): were the energy values for each food the same for each group in your class? If not, why not?]
– is this a fair test? Link with the variables table and how the
amount of energy is measured in industry
4). Which foods had the highest amount of energy to the least, look at the different make up of the foods e.g. carbohydrates, proteins. (google)
Which foods will generally have a higher amount of energy and why, in respect to food groups and results.
(Question 4 can be addressed in questions 1)
Miss Viney
May 16, 2011 at 10:47 pm
1. How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
2. How does a change in temp affect the rate of reaction?
3. How can you determine the rate of a reaction (hint: reactants–> products)
4. What does a collision mean (in terms of reactions)
5. How would the rate of collisions affect the rate of reactions?
6. Draw a concentrated solution e.g. salt water
7. Draw a dilute solution
8. Draw the affect of temperature on molecules hint: particle theory
TEXTBOOK
9. What is a catalyst?
10. What is an enzyme?
11. Provide four ways a reaction rate can be affected?
Rate of Reaction notes
The rate in which reactants collide and bond to form products is a useful tool to determine the rate of reaction. Reactant –> product.
Particle movement can be affected by the temperature they are exposed to.
e.g. molecules move _______ when exposed to heat
e.g. molecules move _________ when exposed to cold
The speed at which particles move directly affects the rate in which collisions occur.
Therefore the temperature of a solution has a direct affect in the rate of reaction.
Draw what effect temperature has on particles, cold and hot solution
The amount of molecules also directly affects the rate of reaction.
If this is a greater number of molecules, the change of collisions has increased, therefore increasing the rate of reaction.
Therefore a concentrated solution’s rate of reaction (in theory) will react at a faster rate than a dilute solution.
Draw what effect temperature has on particles, dilute and concentrated solution
There are four measures to affect the rate of reaction
- Temperature
- Concentration (dilute of concentrated)
- Enzyme (protein that can found in the body to fasten up reactions e.g. breaking down carbohydrates)
- Catalyst (a chemical that fastens up reactions )
missviney
May 24, 2011 at 6:19 am
Year 8 prac ‘ Rate of Reaction’ due dates
8K and 8L – Monday the 30th
8J – Friday the 27th
Everyday that your prac is late you will recieve -10 points
Happy Pracing
cameron
May 25, 2011 at 8:46 am
hi miss viney just wondering how are we supposed to get our pracs done by friday when were all still on our drafts and we dont get our results sheet back until tommorow i think maybe it would benefit the class if we can hand it in on monday thx cam
missviney
May 26, 2011 at 3:36 am
Hi Cameron
If you have any difficulties can you please come speak to me about the due date Ta
cameron
May 26, 2011 at 8:55 am
hi miss viney sorry i didnt see u today but ur reply wasnt there this morning when i checked the blog and i wont be able to hand in my prac tommorow ibecause i havnt had a chance to get shaldon and dharaans results off them and ive had lots of other homework
thx cam
teighan 8j
May 26, 2011 at 6:39 am
hi miss viney i dont think i can hand in the prac on time what can i do?
missviney
May 26, 2011 at 6:42 am
Check your email
teighan 8j
May 26, 2011 at 6:54 am
i have had so much homework this week that i dont think that it will be possible to hand in my prac tommorow i am really trying my hardest to finish it
missviney
June 10, 2011 at 2:55 am
Explain the link between
a) Work and effort
b) Energy and motion
c) Pivot and levers and fulcrum
d) Force and friction
e) Simple machines and wedge
f) Simple machines and ramp
g) Simple machines and complex machines
h) Effort and force
i) Force and load
j) Effort force and distance
k) Ramps and effort force
l) Load and effort
m) Mechanical advantage and load
n) Wedge and effort force
o) Zip and effort force
p) Screw and effort force
q) Levers and class
r) Levers and distance
s) Levers and load
t) Piviot/fulcrum and effort
u) Piviot/fulcrum and load
v) Effort and load and fulcrum
Explain the link between ANSWERS
Introduction to terminology
a) Work and effort
Work is the energy needed to move something over a certain distance. Effort is the force you need to put in to move an object.
b) Energy and motion
Energy (work) that is required to get motion (the movement or action)
c) Load and effort
The objects weight is its load, which directly affects the amount of effort (force) required.
d) Force and friction
The amount of friction on a surface, directly affects the amount of force (effort) that is needed
to move an object.
e) Simple machines and wedge
A wedge is a simple machine
f) Simple machines and ramp
A ramp is a simple machine
g) Mechanical advantage and load
Mechanical advantage measures how effective a machine is. This can be dividing the load you want to move by the effort you needed to put in.
Better machines have higher mechanical advantages.
Page 242
h) Wedge and effort force
A wedge is an inclined plane that passes through another object, splitting or splicing it in two. Axis or wood splitters are some examples of a wedge. They reduce effort force by forcing the wood to travel up the long edge of the blade.
The sharper (smoother) the blade the further the wood will cut, the less effort force required.
i) Zip and effort force
A zip uses three wedges.
j) Screw and effort force
A screw is a ramp, twisted around a metal cylinder (the nail). Screws are designed to penetrate and cut through material.
Compare: using a hammer to nail in a woodscrew compare to turning a screw into the wood. This reduces the amount of effort force.
The wood is being forced to move up the spiral ramp.
The distance is longer so that the effort needed is less.
k) Ramps and effort force
Ramp (an inclined plane) are used when you need to get a heavy object up to a higher level.
Lifting a load will require a certain amount of work (energy) regardless how you go about it. However if you push or pull instead of lifting an object, the effort (force) is decreased.
Figure 8.1.1 page 242
Long ramp/s makes a job easier then short ramp/s.
The distance is longer so that the effort needed is less.
Mechanical advantage = load dived by the effort.
l) Simple machines and complex machines
Complex machines are made up of simple machines.
m) Effort and force
Effort is the force you need to put in to move an object.
n) Force and load
Load is the weight of the object, which directly affects the Force (effort) that is needed to move an object.
o) Effort force and distance
Effort force (needed to get the job done) X distance (the distance is moved in doing the job) equals the amount of work (energy) needed.
missviney
June 10, 2011 at 2:56 am
Year 8′s please start to revise over the above terminology….next week we are going to have some mini quiz’s
missviney
June 14, 2011 at 11:06 pm
Forces NOTES
Forces change the motion of things:
Accelerate, decelerate, start moving, stop moving, change direction or change shape of something.
Use space as an example: space junk floating around in space has momentum from the explosion of the space station that it came from. Is there a force on the space junk? No air resistance, friction, wind, or anything to bump into. What if you are out there floating around and are hit by the space junk? What exerts a force on what? Will you both change direction? What if you pass very close but don’t touch? (have to touch for force to be exerted, except for magnetic force)
Friction is a force that happens when ever an object slides or rolls over something.
What is a simple machine?
List four simple machines
Definitions to go into glossary
Force/effort (used as effort force here)
The force you need to put into move an object/load.
Load – the weight of the object you are trying to move.
Work – the energy needed to move something over a certain distance (Joules, J)
Work = effort force x distance
Give a number example of work going up if you increase effort force or distance, work going down if you do opposite, and that it may stay same if you increase one and decrease the other.
Friction – a force that happens when two objects slide or roll over one another.
Gravity – a non-contact force that attracts things to each other.
Weight – is the scientific name for the pulling force of gravity
Machines are designed to help us do things we want or have to do. They should make our lives easier. Some types of simple machines are ramps, wedges, screws, levers wheels gears and pulleys.
When simple machines are connected together in series, they become complex machines.
Work is the energy needed to move something over a certain distance. Moving something very heavy over a long distance will require more work than something light over a short distance. If you cannot change the weight of your load, you might choose to move it a shorter distance so that your work doesn’t increase.
Example: Egyptians had to move massive boulders to build huge pyramids. They didn’t have cranes and trucks to lift and carry them around. They chose very clever ways of manipulating the boulders onto logs that rolled along the paths. That way, they only had to physically move the boulders a short distance to get them onto the logs.
Example of work calculation (using the equation work = effort force X distance)
1 I have to move a 10N book a distance of 5 metres. How much work is required?
2 I have a maximum of 500J of work available, and a distance of 25 metres to move something. What is the maximum weight my load (effort force) can be?
Mechanical advantage
Formula: Mechanical advantage = load / effort
Think about fractions – if you increase the denominator and leave the numerator the same, what happens to the size of the fraction?
Eg. ½ compared to ¼. It got smaller.
Opposite?
So if you needed to put in more effort (it increases) and your load stays the same, your mechanical advantage gets smaller (your machine is not as effective).
If however, you could put in less effort and still move the same weight load, your mechanical advantage has increased (your machine is making life easier for you).
missviney
June 20, 2011 at 7:03 am
Lever notes
There are 3 classes of levers
Class 1 levers
- The load is at one end
- The effort force at the other end
- The fulcrum somewhere in between
Draw a diagram of the lever
Class 2 levers
- Force multipliers
- Fulcrum at one end
- Effort at the other end
- Effort at the other end
- The load somewhere in between.
Draw a diagram of the lever
Class 3 levers
- Not used to decrease effort but are used to get the load moving at high speed
- Speed multipliers
- The fulcrum at one end
- The load at the other end
- The effort somewhere in between
Draw a diagram of the lever
Create a 3 way Venn diagram for the three classes of levers.
teighan
July 20, 2011 at 9:07 am
hi miss viney i have a question about the y chart do we have to use the example for looks like as well
Samuel
July 27, 2011 at 4:12 am
science digestive problems
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
A tumor grows in the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas and can laed to cancer
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
It happens by having fat in your liver and it can scar the liver and leave it not working.
Samuel
Joey
July 27, 2011 at 5:31 am
Dear Miss Viney,
Another two sicknesses related to the digestive system are:
- Crohn’s Disease, which is caused by the inflammation of the digestive tract and is usually found in the small instestine.
- Achalasia, a disorder where you are unable to swallow due to the Lower Esophogus Sphincter’s refusal to open.
Cheers,
Joey
teighan
July 30, 2011 at 12:58 am
teighans homework:
1) inflammatory bowel disease is when your colon and small intestines are inflammed and nothing can pass through easy
2) gastroesophageal refulx disease is when the acid in your stomach goes into the oesophegus and you get pain so you cant eat properly.
Lauren
July 31, 2011 at 6:33 am
2 Additional problems in the digestive system:
Foodborne illnesses; Foodborne illnesses are caused by the bacteria, viruses or parasites in the foods or drinks we consume. Foodborne illnesses can have a variety of symptoms; fever, upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and dehydration.
Barretts Oesophagus; Barretts Oesophagus is when the lining of the Oesophagus is replaced by an identical lining to the intestine; the process of this is called intestinal metaplasia. There are no symptoms for this but is usually found in people who have gastroesophageal reflux disease; with only a small amount of people with this disease receiving a rare but deadly Oesophagus cancer.
Cindy 8K
July 31, 2011 at 8:31 am
I’m not sure if we’re supposed to post the homework here but I researched IBS and Crohn’s disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome or IBS is a disorder that causes a great deal of discomfort but does not permanently damage the intestines or lead to serious diseases. There is no clear reason to how IBS is caused but many triggers such as stress and infections have been studied. Symptoms include abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhoea but most can be relieved by expelling faeces.
Crohn’s disease causes inflammation of the digestive system anywhere from the mouth to the anus but mostly affects the small intestine. As the inflammation causes irritation and swelling, it causes pain and hinders the digestive system from working effectively. Since the swelling narrows the digestive track, it can cause diarrhoea and large amounts of pain.
Dean
July 31, 2011 at 8:44 am
Digestive System Diseases homework-
1. Crohn’s Disease – Crohn’s disease is a disease that affects the gastro intestinal tract by causing swelling, pain and it can be found anywhere in the intestinal tract however it mainly affects the ileum. It can cause diarrhoea and severe pain.
2. Gallstones – Gallstones are hard, peeble shaped deposits that form inside the gall bladder. Gallstones can be made of either bile or cholesterol. Gallstones can cause Pain, Fever, yellowing of the skin, whiting of the eyes and nausea and vomiting. Surgery can be used to remove the stones quickly while if the stones are cholesterol stones medication can be taken to disolve them however the medication can take a very long period of time to dissolve them and then they may return aswell or lithotripsy therapy may be used which send sound waves through the gall bladder to break up the stones however this treatment is less effective and isn’t as commonly used today as it was years ago. The gallstones can also return after this treatment too.
missviney
August 1, 2011 at 12:05 am
Thank you to everyone that has contributed their understanding of problems in the digestive system
Excellent to see
Sarah Versteegen
August 4, 2011 at 7:38 am
Digestive system homework-
1.Polyps
Polyps are a growth inside your large intestines, also known as your colon. Colon Polyps can either be flat or raised. To get a polyp you might smoke, drink alcohol, weigh too much, no exercising and eating too much fatty foods. If you are over the age of fifty, someone in your family has had polyps or yourself has had it before, you might have a chance of getting it again or for the first time. Some types of polyps can become cancer or are already cancer.
2. Celiac disease
Something that may cause damage in the small intestines and come into conflict with the absorption of nutrients from food is Celiac disease. People with this disease cannot have gluten, rye, barley and wheat. When consuming gluten products the body’s immune system reacts by damaging the villi inside the small intestines.
Nick Vargas
August 6, 2011 at 1:48 am
digestive system HOMEWORK 8L:
1. Peptic Ulcer:
A peptic ulcer, is an extremely painful disease . It is defined to be or greater than 0.5 cm. As many as 70–90% of such ulcers are associated with a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic of the stomach, only 40% of those cases go to a doctor. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs. About 4% of stomach ulcers are caused by a tumour. people of any age even children can develop Ulcer. In the past, having peptic ulcers meant living with a chronic condition for several years or even a lifetime.But today, a better understanding of the cause of peptic ulcers and how to treat them means that most people can be cured.
2.Bowl Obstruction:
The bowel, or intestine, is the part of the digestive tract that absorbs nutrients from foods we eat. The residue of digested food passes through the bowel and is excreted during elimination, the final stage of digestion. This process can be interrupted or halted by the presence of a bowel obstruction, which is a blockage that prevents the passage of intestinal contents. The cause of the blockage can be mechanical, meaning that there is a physical obstruction. Mechanical blockage may be caused by scar tissue, adhesions, foreign bodies, gallstones, tumours or impacted faeces. Treatment for mechanical obstruction generally involves removing the source of the blockage.
meaghanbengough13
August 6, 2011 at 8:02 am
Homework on the digestive system: 2 additional problems that effect the digestive system.
Pancreatitis;
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach that produces digestive juices, or enzymes, that help break down food in the upper portion of the duodenum (small intestine). The pancreas also is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon, two hormones that help control levels of blood sugar, the body’s main energy source.
Peptic Ulcers;
An ulcer is a sore, which means it’s an open, painful wound. Peptic ulcers are ulcers that form in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer and an ulcer in the duodenum is called a duodenal ulcer.
Jasmine Cusworth 8L
August 6, 2011 at 9:33 am
Coeliac Disease:
Coeliac Disease is a condition that damages the lining of the small intestines, preventing it from absorbing parts of food that are quite important to stay healthy. The damage is normally due to a reaction of eating gluten which is found in wheat, barley, rye and oats.
GORD (Gastro Oeoshpageal Reflux Disease):
The oesophagus carries the food you eat from your mouth all the way down into your stomach. The lower oesophageal sphincter is a ring of muscle at the very bottom of the oesophagus that acts like a valve between the stomach and oesophagus. GORD is a chronic disease that only occurs when the lower oesophagus sphincter does not close properly and the stomach contents/reflux leak back into the oesophagus.
kiarna dunlop
August 6, 2011 at 11:14 pm
Homework:
Achalasia (Oesophagus)
Symptoms:
- Difficulty in swallowing
- Regurgitation of saliva or food
Achalasia is when the LES can’t open. It stays closed because the contracted muscles start to relax and you lose the ability to swallow your food. This can lead to weight loss.
Mesenteric Ischemia (Small Intestine)
There are 2 types of Mesenteric Ischemia. Acute and Chronic.
Acute Symptoms:
- Severe pain and cramps in the abdomen
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhoea and Constipation
Chronic Symptoms:
- Chronic pain in abdomen after eating
- Weight loss
- Fear of eating
Mesenteric Ischemia happens when blood isn’t getting to that area, the blood flow is interrupted by clots or plaques that are in the arteries. That then leads to intestinal tissue damage.
Kiarna Dunlop 8L
Ayrton
August 7, 2011 at 2:08 am
Rectal Bleeding effects the anus
Symptoms
bright red blood coating the stools or in the stools
blood in the toilet bowl after you have been for a motion
dark or black tarry stools
maroon stools
blood on the toilet paper.
Coeliac Disase
Coeliac Disease is a condition in which the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged when it is exposed to even small amounts of gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye and possibly oats. As a result, affected patients absorb food and nutrients poorly. This can result in bowel symptoms and deficiencies of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients.
nicholas hopkins
August 7, 2011 at 3:27 am
science homework:
Fatty liver disease-
Fatty liver disease or steatosis is a build up of fats in the liver that replaces healthy tissue. Fatty liver disease can also damage the organ and leads to serious comlications such as cirrhosis.
Diverticulitis-
Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of one or more portions of the large intestines, in which small pouches called diverticula on the large intestine become inflamed, irritated, swollen or infected.
Brooke Kerr 8L
August 7, 2011 at 6:35 am
2 problems/diseases that affect the digestive system;
1-Celiac Disease.
Celiac disease is an immune disease in which people can’t eat gluten because it will damage their small intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. Gluten may also be used in products such as vitamin and nutrient supplements, lip balms, and some medicines. Other names for celiac disease are celiac sprue and gluten intolerance.
2. Stomach Cancer.
Stomach cancer is also called, gastric cancer. The risk factors for developing stomach cancer are Helicobacter pylori infection and a diet that consists of the following: eating large amounts of smoked foods, salted fish and meat, foods that are high in starch and low in fiber, pickled vegetables, and foods and beverages that contain nitrates and nitrites.
alyssa krause
August 7, 2011 at 10:52 am
miss viney,
alyssa krause 8L- digestive system home work:
Peptic ulcer; is a painful ulcer (lesion or crater) in the lining of the stomach or small intestines.
Bleeding varices; are bleeding veins in the esophagus, caused by a liver disease.
cameron 8J
August 16, 2011 at 9:18 am
hi miss viney having a bit of trouble with results summary done about half of it but having a bit of trouble remembering what to put in it and bit confused when trying to figure it out on the writing guidelines thingo thx cam
missviney
August 17, 2011 at 12:31 am
Hi Guys
Just to clarify the results summary for you
- what does your graph LOOk like, explain it to someone that can not see the graph
explain the order, summaries the position of each data point etc.
- the inaccurate data that you crossed out to get your average; what errors or mistakes would of occurred and how. e.g. parallex error, didnt read at eye level
- why is a scientific average important? how does it help you draw a conclusion? what does it do to your results?
- why was it important to collect the weight and temp before and after? have a look at your aim, have a look at the equation you need to complete to find out the heat energy in the different foods.
If you need anything else please give me a yell, im happy to sit down with you guys at recess, lunch and afterschool.
Miss Viney
cameron
August 17, 2011 at 4:13 am
thx miss viney that really helped
missviney
August 17, 2011 at 5:38 am
Your very welcome Cameron
missviney
August 17, 2011 at 6:23 am
Discussion Questions made easy
Discussion Questions must relate to your results! Discussion is one of the most important sections of your report!
1) Look at the energy content in the
- Nutritional panel
- Experiment results (calculations in kj)
- Your original hypothesis
Which foods had the most to the least amount of energy? How accurate was your hypothesis?
2) The energy content per 100 grams from your results (compression table: nutritional panel and experiment data in kilo joules) was probably lower/smaller then shown on the nutritional panel. Why do you think there was a difference?
Link this question to
- Variables table
- What went well and where difficulties (uncontrolled variable) were encountered
E.g. position of flame, same were directly touching the test tube others were only being heated by the flame (uncontrolled variable)
[Link to question 3): were the energy values for each food the same for each group in your class? If not, why not?]
– is this a fair test? Link with the variables table and how the
amount of energy is measured in industry
4). Which foods had the highest amount of energy to the least, look at the different make up of the foods e.g. carbohydrates, proteins. (google)
Which foods will generally have a higher amount of energy and why, in respect to food groups and results.
(Question 4 can be addressed in questions 1)